A
computer consists of the major components i.e., Input Unit, Central Processing
Unit and Output Unit. Diagrammatically, these components may be presented as
follows:
v
1. Input Unit
Input
unit is controlling the various input devices which are used for entering data
into the computer. The mostly used input devices are keyboard, mouse, and
scanner. Other such devices are magnetic tape, magnetic disk, light pen, bar
code reader, smart card reader, etc. Besides, there are other devices which
respond to voice and physical touch. Physical touch system is installed at
airport for obtaining the online information about departure and arrival of
flight. The input unit is responsible for taking input and converting it into
binary system.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The
CPU is the control centre for a computer. It guides, directs and governs its
performance. It is the brain of the computer. The main unit inside the computer
is the Central Processing Unit. Central Processing Unit is to computer as the
brain is to human body. This is used to store program, photos, graphics, and
data and obey the instructions in program. It is divided into three subunits:
(a) Control Unit
(b) Memory Unit
(c) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Ø Control Unit: Control unit controls and
co-ordinates the activities of all the components of the computer. This unit
accepts input data and converts it into computer binary system.
Ø Memory Unit: This unit stores data before
being actually processed. The data so stored is accessed and processed
according to instructions which are also stored in the memory section of
computer well before such data is transmitted to the memory from input devices.
Ø Arithmetic and Logic Unit: It is
responsible for performing all the arithmetical calculations and computations
such as addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication. It also performs
logical functions involving comparisons among variable and data items.
v Output unit
After
processing the data, it ensures the convertibility of output into human readable
form that is understandable by the user. The commonly used output devices
include like monitor also called Visual Display Unit, printer etc.
LIMITATIONS OF A COMPUTER
The limitations of computer are
depending upon the operating environment they work in. These limitations are
given below as :
Ø Cost of Installation: Computer
hardware and software needs to be updated from time to time with availability
of new versions. As a result heavy cost is incurred to purchase a new hardware
and software from time to time.
Ø Cost of Training: To ensure
efficient use of computer in accounting, new versions of hardware and software
are introduced. This requires training and cost is incurred to train the staff
personnel.
Ø Self Decision Making: The computer
cannot make a decision like human beings. It is to be guided by the user.
Ø Maintenance: Computer requires to be
maintained properly to help maintain its efficiency. It requires a neat, clean
and controlled temperature to work efficiently.
Ø Dangers for Health: Extensive
use of computer may lead to many health problems such as muscular pain,
eyestrain, and backache, etc. This affects adversely the working efficiency and
increasing medical expenditure.
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